Understanding AlphaGo

The Game of Go Go is a 2-player strategic board game in which the aim is to surround the most territory. It is played on a grid of $N \times...

What is Lebesgue Integration?

Integration can be used to find areas, volumes, central points, and many useful things. Typically, it is introduced as a tool that can be used to find the area under...

Course Notes: Convex Optimization

The following notes are heavily based on material developed by Professor Stephen Boyd for EE364 taught at Stanford University. All typos are my own. Optimization Problems Our goal is to...

Course Material: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

The following material is heavily based on material developed by many individuals for CSC384 taught at the University of Toronto. All typos are my own. If you would like the...

Tutorial: Simulating a Ball Bounce in Python

In this tutorial, we will aim to simulate a ball bouncing off a curved surface in Python as shown below: Objective: To show how basic linear algebra and calculus is...